The Work of Literature

THE WORK OF LITERATURE
The work of literature is consisting of fiction.
Poetry fiction is "a vague and general term for imaginative work, usually in prose". (Iswalono: 2000: 4). It is divided into two genres namely.
a. Novel is fictitious narrative of talk of considerable length (now usually one longs enough to fill one or more volumes) in which characters and actions representations of the real life of past or present times are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.
The kinds of novel are picaresque, epistolary, didactic, satirical, gothic, romance, historical, science, thriller detective and my story, and regional novel.
b. Sort story it's scarcely stores at all but have some revelation of character some thought I some observation as their point

Drama, According to C Russell Reoske is a work of literature of composition which and dialogues between- a. Group of character.
The types of drama are tragedy, comedy, force, melodrama, tragic-comedy, historical plays and fantasy (Iswalono: 2000: 11).
Poetry, might be defined as a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than does ordinary language. (Perrine: 1974: 553).

LITERARY THEORY
Literary theory is part of a wide spread movement in the culture which has affected a movement which has explored and elucidated the complexities of meaning textuality and interpretation. (Lye: 2002: 1)
"Literary theory offers a variety of methodologies that enable readers to interpret a text from different and often conflicting points of view" (Bressler: 1994: 11). Such theorizing empowers readers to examine their personal world views, to articulate their individual assumptions concerning the nature reality, and to understand how these assumptions directly affect their interpretation and only of a work of art and but also of the definition of literature itself.
It is obvious that literary theory is very important for the readers to understand more the work of literature. Between literature and literary theory complete each other and would be meaningless if the stand by them selves beside that by knowing the literary theory and using the approach makes us wiser in judging the work of literature.
There are three classification of theory "imitative", "expressive" and "affective" (Barnet et al, 1961: 2). The imitative theory believes that art is an imitation of something. Expressive theory tell more that the artist is not an imitation but a man who expresses his feelings and the last affective theory explain that a work of art should be arouse affect of particular emotion. (Barnet et al, 1961: 3)
In using the literary theory we should use one of approach that appropriate either "intrinsic approach" or "extrinsic approach". Intrinsic approach is the internal aspect of literary without consider the outside aspect. It consists of:
1. Structural approach, namely analyze the work of literature by using all aspects in that work namely theme (the central idea), the plot (arrangement of event showing cause and effect), structure (the way the work is organize), setting (time, place) without considering outside aspect try to understand whether these aspects are supporting each other or not.
2. Stylistic approach, namely analyze the work of literature by seeing the style (how the writer write the sentence) whether it will show the relationship or support the theme or not.
3. Linguistic approach, namely language and literature can not be separated and beautify each other.
Contrary with intrinsic approach in understanding the work of literature also use extrinsic approach namely analyze the work not only based on the aspect in that work it self but also related with the reader, the society and also the writer. It's include sociological approach, philosophical approach, psychological approach and feminist approach"
1. Sociological approach (the sociology of literature approach). It will be supported by the sociology of author, sociology of works and sociology of readers. The author, the work be meaning less and can not understand without the participation of the reader (Jaus, 1974: 12).
I an Watt Supardi stated that there are three approach namely the context of the author, the reflection of the society, and social function. (Faruk: 1994: 4).
2. Philosophical approach, it is analyze the work of literature used moral value and aspect of philosophical.
3. Psychological approach, it relates with psychology aspects the attitude, the behavior and the daily life.

WHY LITERATURE IS VERY IMPORTANT?
Literature is very important for our life because it "tells us about man himself and about the ways he communicates (Dutton: 1997: 7) where as moody says that it" brings us back to the realities of human situations, problems, feelings, and relations" (1987:3)
Literature express about the fact and the problem in the society such us adultery, discrimination, social and everything that relate with human life. So the author hope that the life will be better and meaning full and also problem in the society will be Goldman stated that generally work of literary is the expression of world view imaginary. In expressing the world view the author creates the realization in imagination way such us in presenting the characters the plot and all aspect in literature to beautify the work. In expressing the idea the author tell the truth namely literary truth that inexact. They should honest in express their idea because their work will be read by many birds of people in the world.
By learning literature we will get many values such as. By reading the work of literature we will know the way of life and the value of history, culture, philosophy, religion, art, and entertainment. So we will get the life meaningful. And better than ever before and we will think more our life and attitude that should be responsible to our self, other people and our God.
By learning literature we will understand the product of culture, having skill to judge, decide and appreciate the literary work and we can prepare for future whether our personal growth or future career. Besides that we will get source of information of history when the literature was produced we will know the culture, costume and daily activities of the society that reflected in that work. In the other hand we will get more vocabularies, and know that linguistic appearance. The structure of the language of course it will increase our ability in understanding the language that used. At last but not least we will get entertainment and pleasure from that work. So it is not wonder if said that literature is part of our life and has important role in society.


References:

Faruk (1994), Pengantar Sosilogi Sastra, Pustaka Pelajar Yogyakarta.
Pradopo, Rachmat Djoko (1994), Prinsip-Prinsip Kritik Sastra, Gajah Mada, University Press, Yogyakarta.
Elizabeth and Tom Burns (1973), Sociology Literature and Drama, Locet Pritain, 1973.
Tecuw, Sastra & Ilmu Sastra Pengantar Teori Sastra, Pustaka Jaya Bandung.
Bressler Carles E (1999) Literary Criticism an Introduction to Theory and Practice, Prentice Hall.
Pradopo, Rahmat Djoko (1995), Beberapa Teori Sastra Metode Kritik & Penerapannya", Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
Suswantoro (2002), Apresiasi Sastra Inggris, Muhammadiyah University Press, Surakarta.
Ratna, Nyoman Kuta (2003), Paradigma Sosiologi Sastra, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
Lye, John (2002), Contemporary Literary Theory,
Iswalono (2002), Hand Book Introduction to Literature, Yogyakarta.
Barnet (1961), An Introduction to Literature fiction, poetry, drama, little, Brownand company, Canada.